Calcite, calcium carbonate
Formula CaCO₃.

Crystal system: Trigonal (many crystal forms, prismatic, rhombohedral, scalenohedral)
Hardness: 3
Density: 2.7 gms/cm³
Colour: Colourless (impurities can cause Calcite to take on many colours).
Streak: White.

Calcite is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust. It is a significant rock forming mineral.
Though calcite is commonly almost pure calcium carbonate, calcium can be replaced by manganese, magnesium and iron. Thus Dolomite is a carbonate of both calcium and magnesium. Calcite is a major component of limestones, and forms the shell of a large number of marine creatures such as corals, molluscs and sponges.

The picture shows a nice, clear, scalenohedral crystal of Calcite from Nikolaevskiy Mine, Dal'negorsk, Russia.